Sinos, this is because you are referring to administrative penalties and simply disregarding the penal code, which exists in parallel.
It would be a paradise for criminals if you could do whatever and just pay a small fine
Administrative Penalties:
These are essentially fines imposed for failures to comply with VAT/CIT requirements. Examples include failure to register for tax when required, failure to submit a tax return or make a payment within the required period, and errors leading to incorrect refund claims.
The penalties are detailed in the UAE laws and are often financial in nature, with fixed amounts or percentages of unreported tax depending on the violation.
Criminal Penalties:
These are applied in more serious cases of tax evasion, such as deliberate falsification of records to reduce payable tax or fraud.
Penalties might include imprisonment as well as hefty fines - usually both. The nature and extent of the penalty are often determined by the severity of the offense, and cases are typically referred to the judiciary by the Federal Tax Authority (FTA).
In severe cases, other repercussions like deportation (for non-citizens) could also apply.
It's crucial to differentiate between unintentional mistakes (which might still incur administrative penalties) and willful tax evasion (which could lead to criminal penalties). In either case, the FTA is the primary body overseeing tax compliance in the UAE, and they have the power to conduct audits, impose penalties, and refer cases for criminal prosecution.